Incidencia de fracturas dentales verticales reportadas en la Ciudad de Chihuahua y su relación con la evolución de la pandemia por COVID-19 / Incidence of vertical dental fractures reported in Chihuahua City and its relationship with the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic

Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, la presencia de un incremento de fracturas y/o fisuras verticales ha sido reportada por Cirujanos Dentistas en diferentes países y foros, Objetivo: Determinar por medio de un análisis si existe una relación con este aumento de casos y la evolu- ción de la pandemia. Material y método: Se recopilaron los casos de fracturas verticales no restaurables durante el periodo de mayor índice de casos de contagio y defunciones por COVID-19 en la Ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Resultados: Durante el primer pico de casos y defunciones causadas por la pandemia, se incrementó el número de casos de fracturas verticales no tratables. Conclusiones: Existió una relación entre la evolución de la pandemia con la aparición de casos de fracturas dentales verticales no restaurables (AU)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the presence of an increase in fractures and/or vertical fissures has been reported by Dental Surgeons in different countries and forums. Objective: To determine through an analysis, if there is a relationship with this increase in cases and the evolution of the pandemic. Material and methods: The cases of non-restorable vertical fractures were collected during the period of highest rate of cases of contagion and deaths due to COVID-19 in the City of Chihuahua, Mexico. Results: during the 1st peak of cases and deaths caused by the pandemic, the number of cases of untreatable vertical fractures increased. Conclusions: There was a relationship between the evolution of the pandemic and the appearance of cases of non-restorable vertical dental fractures (AU)

Incidencia de fracturas dentales reportadas en la Ciudad de Chihuahua durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Incidence of dental fractures reported in Chihuahua city during COVID-19 pandemic

Se presentan los casos de fracturas verticales sintomáticos que ameritaron la extracción de las órganos dentales afectados en un periodo de cinco meses durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Material y métodos: Se recolectaron 26 muestras para el estudio, proporcionadas por los cirujanos dentistas integrantes del Grupo de Egresados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferencias a lo reportado previamente respecto al tipo de diente involucrado, sexo de los pacientes, restauraciones coronales y tratamientos endodóncicos previos. Conclusiones: Se puede suponer que las modificaciones en el estilo de vida de la población, sumadas a la angustia permanente, pueden ser factores que contribuyen a las fracturas dentales (AU)

There are cases of symptomatic vertical fractures that warranted the extraction of affected teeth are presented, over a period of five months during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chihuahua City, Mexico. Material and methods: 26 samples were collected for the study, provided by the dentist who were members of the Graduate Group of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. Results: The results show differences from what was previously reported regarding the type of tooth involved, sex of patients, coronal restorations and previous endodontic treatments. Conclusions: It can be assumed that changes in the lifestyle of the population, added to permanent distress, may be factors to preserve dental fractures (AU)

Clinical analysis of children and adolescents emergency dental trauma cases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the etiological and clinical characteristics of oral emergency patients under 18 years with dental trauma, and to provide guidance on the prevention and treatment in children and adolescents.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study on the intact data of the dental trauma patients under 18 years from January 2016 to December 2018 in the Department of Oral Emergency in Peking University School of Stomatology was conducted, and the distribution of the patients' gender, age and visiting time, as well as the number and position of traumatic teeth, diagnostic classification, and multiple injury with dental trauma were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#During the period, 54.2% of the first visit dental trauma patients (10 164) were children or adolescents (5 506). The two peak ages were 3-4 and 7-9 years. The incidence of the male was higher than the female in every age group (Wilcoxon test, P < 0.001). From May to June and September to November, there were more cases of dental trauma. The peak time of daily dental trauma cases was from 19:00 to 20:00 (Jonckheere-Terpstra test, P < 0.001). The positions of traumatic teeth in both sides were approximate symmetrical, and maxillary central incisors were the most affected. 52.3% of the patients suffered multiple teeth injuries. Among the permanent teeth trauma, enamel and dentin fracture was the most common (24.7%), followed by concussion (20.5%), sub-luxation (17.9%) and complicated crown fracture (14.4%). And among the primary teeth trauma, subluxation was the most common (31.1%), followed by concussion (14.5%) and lateral luxation (9.5%). 19.7% of the children and adolescent dental trauma patients were also suffered maxillofacial soft or hard tissue injury.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of dental trauma in children and adolescents is higher than that in adults. There were two age peaks among the children and adolescents patients. Primary teeth and young permanent teeth were usually suffered. Clinical treatment should be considered along with the characteristics of child tooth growth. In order to prevent the occurrence of dental trauma, early orthodontic intervention should be carried out in children with severe overjet. Families, schools and nursery institutions should strengthen the protection against dental trauma.

The perception of caregivers of poor oral health of their children and its related clinical conditions / Percepção de cuidadores sobre a má saúde bucal das crianças e sua relação com condições clínicas

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between the perception of caregivers regarding the oral health of their children and socio-demographic characteristics, report of dental pain, and clinical oral conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 570 children aged two to five years old, enrolled at public preschools, and with their caregivers. Data regarding perceptions of oral health status in children, socio-demographic characteristics, and dental pain were collected from a questionnaire. Three examiners (Kappa>0.7) evaluated children's oral health status using the dmft index, pufa index, and the Andreasen classification for traumatic dental injury (TDI). The occurrence of open bite and overjet was also investigated. Descriptive analyses, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were used, considering a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 24.7% of children had poor oral health status, which increased 4.92-fold (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 3.05-7.93) when children had dental caries, and 3.78-fold (95%CI 1.63-8.76) when there were consequences from dental caries. The perception of poor oral health was also associated to open bite (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98; 95%CI 1.16-3.38) and TDI (OR 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.68). No associations were found between the perception of caregivers and socio-demographic variables or overjet. Conclusions: The perception of caregivers of poor oral health in their children was associated to dental caries, its consequences, TDI, and open bite.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre a percepção dos cuidadores sobre a saúde bucal das crianças e características sociodemográficas, relato de dor dentária e condições clínicas bucais. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 570 crianças de dois a cinco anos matriculadas em pré-escolas públicas e seus cuidadores. Os dados referentes à percepção do estado de saúde bucal nas crianças, características sociodemográficas e dor dentária foram coletados por meio de um questionário. Três examinadores (Kappa>0,7) avaliaram o estado de saúde bucal das crianças usando o índice ceo-d, o índice PUFA e a classificação de Andreasen para traumatismo dentário (TD). A ocorrência de mordida aberta e overjet também foi investigada. Análise descritiva e regressão logística não ajustada e ajustada foram realizadas, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A percepção da má condição de saúde bucal nas crianças foi de 24,7%, a qual aumentou 4,92 vezes (IC95% ­3,05-7,93) quando as crianças apresentaram cárie dentária e 3,78 vezes (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 1,63-8,76) quando houve consequências de cárie dentária. A percepção de saúde bucal ruim também foi associada a mordida aberta (Odds Ratio [OR] 1,98; IC95% 1,16-3,38) e TD (OR 1,68; IC95% 1,06-2,68). Não foram encontradas associações entre as percepções dos cuidadores e variáveis sociodemográficas ou overjet. Conclusões: As percepções dos cuidadores sobre a má condição de saúde bucal das crianças foram associadas à cárie dentária, suas consequências, TD e mordida aberta.

Prevalence of and factors associated with enamel fracture and other traumas in Brazilian children 8-10 years old

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and discriminate the associated factors between enamel fractures and other trauma/trauma sequelae in 8 to 10-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. A representative sample of 1,201 children from public and private schools were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics were answered by parents. The outcome variable (traumatic dental injury, TDI) was multi-categorized. Independent individual variables were sex, age, number of residents in household, parents/caregivers' level of education, family income, dental caries, and overjet. Type of school was considered an independent contextual variable. Multilevel analysis, bivariate, and multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were performed. The prevalence of TDI was 14.0% (2.8% with other trauma/trauma sequelae). The multilevel analysis revealed no significant difference between the type of school and TDI. The multinomial logistic regression showed that boys (OR = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.1-4.8), older children (OR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1-3.0) and individuals with an overjet > 3 mm (OR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.0-6.2) were more likely to present other trauma/trauma sequelae. Enamel fracture was not significantly associated with any variables. The prevalence of TDI in 8 to 10-year-old schoolchildren was 14% but only 2.8% of other trauma/trauma sequelae. Differences regarding the associated factors of TDI involving enamel fracture or other trauma/trauma sequelae were detected, suggesting that the different TDI classification cannot be evaluated as a single category.

Complicaciones intra y postquirúrgicas de exodoncias en un programa de atención comunitaria de la FOUBA en Junín de los Andes / Intra and postsurgical tooth extraction complications at a FOUBA community dentistry program in Junin de los Andes

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la incidencia de complicaciones intra y postquirúrgicas de extracciones simples en 5 días de atención comunitaria en Junín de los Andes, provincia de Neuquén, Argentina. Se realizaron 109 extracciones dentales en 74 de los pacientes que concurrieron al centro único de atención, entre el 27 y 31 de octubre de 2014, presentando piezas dentarias con indicación de extracción. Las complicaciones más frecuentemente encontradas fueron la fractura de la tabla ósea vestibular, la fractura de la corona de la pieza dentaria y el dolor posoperatorio. Complicaciones de frecuencia intermedia fueron el trismus, la alveolitis, la laceración de los tejidos blandos y la fractura de la raíz de la pieza dentaria. Se registró un caso de hemorragia primaria y una inyección accidental dentro de un vaso sanguíneo. Cuando se comparó estadísticamente la presencia de complicaciones pre y posquirúrgicas entre cirugías que duraron menos de 30 minutos y 30 minutos más, se encontró una asociación significativa; para ambas complicaciones, el porcentaje fue mayor en el segundo grupo. La práctica de extracciones simples ocasionalmente conlleva tener que manejar complicaciones. Es importante que el odontólogo general sea capaz de prevenirlas, diagnosticarlas y tratarlas. Reducir los tiempos operatorios parecería ser una medida clave para disminuir las probabilidades de aparición de complicaciones intra y posquirúrgicas.

The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of intra and postoperative complications of simple extractions in 5 days of community care in Junín de los Andes, province of Neuquén, Argentina. A total of 109 dental extractions were performed in 74 patients who attended the single care center between October 27 and 31, 2014, presenting teeth with indication of extraction. The most frequent complications were the fracture of the buccal bone table, the fracture of the crown of the tooth and the postoperative pain. Complications of intermediate frequency were trismus, alveolitis, laceration of the soft tissues and fracture of the root of the tooth. There was a case of primary haemorrhage and an accidental injection into a blood vessel. When statistically comparing the presence of pre and postsurgical complications between surgeries that lasted less than 30 minutes and 30 minutes more, a significant association was found; for both complications, the percentage was higher in the second group. The practice of simple extractions occasionally entails having to handle complications. It is important that the general dentist be able to prevent, diagnose and treat them. Reducing operative times seems to be a key measure to decrease the chances of intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Traumatismo dentário em crianças de 8 a 10 anos de idade: fatores associados e impacto na qualidade de vida / Traumatic dental injury in children 8-10 years of age: associated factors and impact on quality of life

O traumatismo dentário (TD) pode impactar negativamente a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) das crianças. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência do TD, os fatores associados e seu impacto na QVRSB das crianças. Este estudo será apresentado no formato de dois artigos científicos. Uma amostra representativa de 1201 crianças de 8 a 10 anos de idade, matriculadas em escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, foi examinada nas escolas, de acordo com os critérios de Andreasenet al. (2007), por duas examinadoras previamente calibradas (Kappa intra-examinador= 0,91 e 0,89 e Kappa inter-examinador= 0,85). Para análise da QVRSB foi aplicado o CPQ8-10 às crianças, sendo os seus escores dicotomizados pela técnica de "two-step cluster" em baixo e alto imapcto...

Influence of clinical and socioeconomic indicators on dental trauma in preschool children

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the primary dentition and investigate associations with clinical and socioeconomic indicators. A population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out with a randomly selected sample of 301 children aged one to five years. Data were collected through clinical oral examinations and interviews with parents/guardians during immunization campaigns. Statistical analysis involved Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of TDI was 33.9%. TDI was more prevalent in children with overjet > 3 mm (p < 0.001) and those with inadequate lip coverage (p < 0.001). A statistically significant association was also found between TDI and household income (p = 0.024). According to the adjusted Poisson regression model, greater prevalence rates of TDI were found for children from families with a monthly income ≥ twice the Brazilian minimum monthly wage (PR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.10-2.12), those with accentuated overjet (PR: 1.53; 95%CI: 1.05-2.22) and those with inadequate lip coverage (PR: 2.00; 95%CI: 1.41-2.84). The prevalence of TDI was high in the present study and was associated with a higher family income, accentuated overjet and inadequate lip coverage.

Prevalence of dental fractures and associated factors in students of Valinhos, SP, Brazil

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of dental fractures and their association with risk factors in the permanent dentition of adolescents in Valinhos, SP, Brazil. METHODS: The study population was obtained using the probability sampling method and comprised 379 students between 13 and 19 years old enrolled in the eight State schools of the city, who were examined by nine pairs of calibrated dentists (Kappa>0.80). The presence of dental fractures in permanent anterior incisors, as well as the presence of considerable overjet (> 5mm) and lip seal was evaluated in a clinical-epidemiological examination. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental trauma was 27.1%. The most frequent lesions were enamel fractures (72.6%) of which falls were the main cause (45.7%). No association was found between the presence of considerable overjet and deficient lip seal (chi-square test; p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental trauma in the studied population was expressive when compared with the literature, but the analyzed oral aspects did not contribute to its occurrence.

Análisis epidemiológico de los traumatismos dentarios en una población argentina / Epidemiological analysis of traumatic dental injuries in an Argentine population

Objetivo: analizar la incidencia de lesiones traumáticas dentarias y su distribución según sexo, edad, diagnóstico, causas y piezas dentarias involucradas. Materiales y métodos: la muestra se obtuvo a partir de los registros clínicos de 1388 pacientes que fueron examinados en las clínicas de la Universidad del Salvador y la Asociación Odontológica Argentina, sitas en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, a los largo de diecinueve años. Resultados: se observó que la mayor incidencia de lesiones traumáticas dentarias se registró en hombres (62 por ciento) y en el grupo etario 16-20 años. Conculsión: los resultados obtenidos son relevantes para comprender el problema de los traumatismos dentarios a nivel nacional.

Prevalencia de traumatismos dentoalveolares en pacientes infantiles del complejo asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río / Prevalence of dental trauma of infants attended at Dr. Sótero del Río Hospital

En el presente estudio descriptivo de incidencia, 604 niños menores de 15 años fueron examinados y atendidos en la Clínica de Odontopediatría del Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sotero del Río, con diagnóstico de Traumatismo Dentoalveolar (TDA), desde Enero a Diciembre del 2010. El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar los TDA de acuerdo a la clasificación de Andreasen y Andreasen, determinar su frecuencia y distribución estacional, tipo y número de dientes afectados, distribución de género y edad, lugar de ocurrencia y causa. Para ambas denticiones, en conjunto, más de dos dientes comprometidos presentaron una frecuencia de 58.77 por ciento. Los análisis se dividieron por dentición y hubo 636 dientes definitivos y 414 temporales. En dentición definitiva se observó una mayor frecuencia en Mayo (15.36 por ciento), Abril (13.02 por ciento) y Noviembre (13.02 por ciento). Las fracturas coronarias no complicadas son las más frecuentes (40.88 por ciento) y los dientes más afectados fueron los incisivos centrales maxilares (77.66 por ciento). Los niños sufren más TDA que las niñas (64.97 por ciento). La mayor frecuencia de TDA para ambos géneros es a los 8 años. La principal causa fue caídas en el colegio (46.87 por ciento). En dentición temporal se observó mayor cantidad de casos en primavera-verano (53.74 por ciento). Siendo más frecuente en los meses Noviembre y Febrero (30.84 por ciento). Subluxación fue el diagnostico más frecuentes con un 39.61 por ciento. Los dientes más afectados fueron los incisivos centrales maxilares en un 82.13 por ciento. El género masculino fue el más afectado (62.56 por ciento). La edad en que se observó mayor frecuencia de TDA fueron los 2 años. La principal causa fue caídas en la casa (29.07 por ciento).

In this incidence descriptive study 604 infants less than fifteen years of age were examined and attended at the Pedodontic Clinic from Dr. Sótero del Río hospital with a diagnostic of dental trauma between January and December 2010. The purpose of this research protocol was to characterize dental trauma according to the Andreasen and Andreasen classification, and also to determine their frequency, seasonal distribution, type and number of the affected teeth, place of occurrence and trauma´s cause. All diagnostics were divided by dentition, 636 were from permanent and 414 from deciduous dentition. For both dentitions trauma in two teeth and more were in a frequency of 58.77 percent. On permanent dentition a mayor frequency of trauma was observed in May (15.36 percent), April (13.02 percent) and November (13.02 percent). The most frequent trauma was uncomplicated crown fracture (40.88 percent) and the most frequent teeth affected were the upper central incisors (77.66 percent). Boys suffered more trauma than girls (64.97 percent). The highest frequencies of trauma for both genders occurred at eight years of age. The main causes of traumas were: falls at school (46.87 percent). On deciduous dentition a mayor frequency of trauma was observed in spring and summer (53.74 percent) where November and February concentrated the highest rates (30.84 percent). Sub-luxation was the most frequent diagnostic at 39.61 percent. The most frequent teeth affected were also the upper central incisors at 82.13 percent. Boys also suffered more trauma than girls (62.56 percent). The highest frequencies of trauma for both genders occurred at two years of age. The main cause was home falls (29.07 percent).

Prevalencia de las lesiones traumáticas que afectan a los tejidos de sostén en piezas dentarias permanentes de pacientes escolares / Prevalence of tooth-supporting structure traumatic injuries in permanent teeth of schoolchildren

Los traumatismos osteoperiodontales son lesiones que involucran tanto los tejidos dentarios como los tejidos de sostén. Constituyen una de las causas más frecuentes en la consulta de urgencia de niños y adolescentes. Las lesiones de los tejidos de sostén se dan en gran porcentaje y son: la concusión, subluxación, luxación lateral, extgrusión, intrusión y avulsión dentaria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la prevalencia de las lesiones traumáticas de los tejidos de sostén en piezas dentarias permanentes. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 200 pacientes de 7 a 15 años de edad con 242 traumatismos. Los casos clínicos fueron tratados bajo protocolos estandarizados y luego registrados estadísticamente. Resultados y discusión: de un total de 200 pacientes, el 69 por ciento eran masculinos y el 31 por ciento femeninos. Respecto a la edad el 64 por ciento de los traumatismos se presentaron en pacientes de 7 a 10 años y el 36 por ciento de 11 a 15 años de edad. De las 242 lesiones traumáticas estudiadas, el 51 por ciento se produjeron por accidentes en la escuela, 43 por ciento como consecuencia de la práctica de diversos deportes y un 6 por ciento correspondió a otras causas. De los 242 casos clínicos, se reconoció que el 28 por ciento corresponden a concusiones y subluxaciones. El 17 por ciento del total fueron luxaciones laterales de las cuales el 11 por ciento presentaron abombamiento de tabla y el 6 por ciento fractura de tabla. El 20 por ciento concernieron a luxaciones extrusivas y el 9 por ciento fueron luxaciones intrusivas. Por último, las avusiones dentales se prsentaron en un 30 por ciento, de éstas el 9 por ciento con ligamento periodontal vital y el 21 por ciento con ligamento periodontal no vital. Conclusiones. Los traumatismos osteoperiodontales son lesiones cada vez más frecuentes en pacientes escolares. Representan la segunda causa de pérdida de estas piezas luego de la caries dental. Es fundamental hacer hincapie en la prevención.

Dental restorations - reasons for placement and replacement

The objective of the present study was to determine the clinical reasons leading to the decision of dental restoration placement and replacement. It was a descriptive case series study and was carried out from October 2010 to July, 2011. non-probability convenience sampling. From the city of Lahore, 30 dental clinics were selected randomly, after dividing the metropolis into six administrative zones with 5 dentists from each zone. All the thirty dentists from six zones were asked to register 100 consecutive direct restorations. The standard criteria proposed by Wilson et al [8] was used to record the reasons for placement and replacement of the restorations. The response from the private practitioners for data collection was 70%. The remaining data was collected from the department of Operative Dentistry, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The results of the present study revealed that the primary caries was the major reason [84.3%] for the placement of the initial restoration and secondary caries accounted for the majority [7.1%] of the replacement restoration in the Lahore city. It was concluded that the major reason for restoration placement and replacement was caries therefore there is an need for finding the factors that are responsible for high caries incidence in Lahore and efforts should be made to prevent the caries

Complications of exodontia: A retrospective study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of various complications following routine exodontia performed using fixed protocols. Materials and Methods: A total of 22,330 extractions carried out in 14,975 patients, aged between 14 and 82 years, who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, were evaluated for various complications. Results: The most common complications encountered were tooth fracture, trismus, fracture of cortical plates and dry socket. Wound dehiscence, postoperative pain and hemorrhage were encountered less frequently. Luxation of adjacent teeth, fracture of maxillary tuberosity, and displacement of tooth into adjacent tissue spaces were rare complications. Conclusion: The practice of exodontia inevitably results in complications from time to time. It is imperative for the clinician to recognize impending complications and manage them accordingly.

Oral and maxillofacial trauma in patients with epilepsy: prospective study based on an outpatient population / Trauma oral e maxilofacial em pessoas com epilepsia: estudo prospectivo com base ambulatorial

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate oral and maxillofacial trauma caused by falls during epileptic seizures. METHOD: A prospective case-control study was carried out among patients recruited from both the Epileptic Outpatient Clinic and the Emergency Room of Hospital de Base during 2006. The study group was composed of patients with epilepsy that had been diagnosed by a specialist. Oral and maxillofacial trauma was diagnosed using a questionnaire together with physical and radiographic examinations. A control group was formed from non-epileptic relatives or neighbors of the patients. The two groups were compared with regard to the number and type of oral and maxillofacial trauma events suffered. Odds ratios with a 95 percent confidence interval, dependency analysis and the Pearson c² test were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: A total of 159 patients with epilepsy (91 males; 57.3 percent) and 68 control individuals (28 males; 41.1 percent) were enrolled in the study. The frequencies of oromaxillary trauma in the study and control groups were 23.9 percent and 4.4 percent, respectively. Generalized tonic-clonic, generalized and non-classified seizures were strongly associated with trauma. The commonest lesions were fractures of dental tooth crowns (32.9 percent), followed by tooth avulsion (7.6 percent), tooth luxation (5 percent) and fracturing of prostheses in edentulous patients (3.8 percent). CONCLUSION: This work shows that injuries to the face and teeth are statistically more common in patients with epilepsy than in the general population, and that individuals who suffer seizures without aura are the most affected.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação da epilepsia sobre as ocorrências de trauma dento-alveolar e maxilofacial causados por quedas. MÉTODO: Estudo caso-controle prospectivo foi conduzido no ambulatório de epilepsia e do Pronto Atendimento do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto-SP no ano de 2006. Pacientes do grupo caso foram diagnosticados pelo neurologista chefe (sênior) especialista em epilepsia e avaliados quanto ao trauma oral e maxilo-facial pelo pesquisador, por meio de questionário, exame clínico e radiográfico, por ordem de chegada. O grupo controle (GC) foi constituído incluindo indivíduos sem crises, que fossem familiares ou vizinhos próximos dos pacientes com diagnóstico de epilepsia. Intervalo de confiança 95 por cento, ODD, análise de dependência (ANADEP) e c² de Pearson foram utilizados para análise estatística e se adotou nível de significância de p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: Analisaram-se 159 pacientes com epilepsia, dos quais 91(57,3 por cento) masculinos e 68 do GC, dos quais 28 (41,1 por cento) masculinos. A frequência do trauma oro-maxilar em paciente com epilepsia foi 23,9 por cento e no GC foi de 4,4. As crises tônico-clônicas generalizadas, crises generalizadas e as não classificadas estão fortemente co-relacionadas ao trauma. Fraturas das coroas dentais (32,9 por cento), seguidas de avulsão dentária (7,6 por cento), luxação dentária (5 por cento) e fratura da prótese em pacientes edêntulos (3,8 por cento) foram as lesões mais encontradas. CONCLUSÃO: O trabalho mostra que os ferimentos na face e dentes são frequentes em pacientes com crises epilépticas quando comparados ao GC, sendo as pessoas com crises sem a aura as mais afetadas.

Prevalence of dental trauma of permanent anterior teeth in children visiting College of Dentistry/Hawler Medical University

The aim was to study the distribution of traumatic dental injuries in the permanent anterior teeth among 7-12 years old children treated in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry/ College of Dentistry at Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. In this retrospective clinical study the case records of 1868 patients were reviewed and only patients with traumatic dental injuries were included. Type of tooth injury was classified according to modified Ellis and Davey12 crown fracture. Data on age, gender, number of injured teeth and type of injury were also collected from the dental records for the period 2007-2009. Records of 1868 examined children showed that the prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 4.5% [84]. Of those 84 patients, 60.7% [51] were boys and 39.3% [33] were girls with male/female ratio 1.55: 1. The highest frequency of tooth injuries occurred among 9-10 years old children. Single tooth injury was found in 84.5% of the cases, while 15.5% had two teeth injury. Traumatic injuries affecting teeth in the upper jaw were more frequent. The most frequent injuries were class II crown fracture [47.4%], followed by class III [40.2%], class IV [11.4%] and class I [1%] respectively. The prevalence of dental trauma is relatively low. More attention should be paid to preventive measures, which includes wearing mouthguards, especially in the early stages of psychophysical growth of male population

Prevalência das fraturas radiculares e corono-radiculares no serviço de traumatismo dentário da FOP-Unicamp: estudo retrospectivo / Radicular and coronal-radicular fractutes’ prevalence in FOP-Unicamp dental trauma service: retrospective study

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre a prevalência e a etiologia das fraturas radiculares e corono-radiculares em 366 pacientes atendidos no Centro de Traumatismo Dentário da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba no período de 2002-2009. Os resultados mostraram que as fraturas radiculares ocorreram em 43 dentes e as fraturas corono-radiculares em 23 dentes, totalizando 53 pacientes. A maior prevalência destes traumas ocorreu em pacientes do gênero masculino com idade acima de 26 anos e as principais causas foram as quedas e os acidentes de trabalho. Este estudo destaca a importância de um correto tratamento emergencial em casos de fraturas radiculares, conseguindo-se desta forma um prognóstico favorável e a redução de complicações desses tipos de injúrias.

The aim of this work was to achieve a retrospective study concerning the prevalence and etiology of the root fractures and coronal-root fractures in 366 pacients treated at the Traumatic Dental Center of the Dental School of Piracicaba in the 2002-2009 period. The results showed that root fractures occured in 43 teeth and coronal-root fractures in 23 teeth totaling 53pacients. The high rate of these traumas was in male pacients over age 26 years old and the main causes were fall and work accidents. This study highlightedthe importance of a correct emergencial care in cases of root fractures, thereby it is possible to achieve a favorable prognosis and a reduction of complications in this type of injuries.

Evaluation of care of dentoalveolar trauma

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of dental trauma treated at the specialized center of Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, during a period of 2 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 647 patients were evaluated and treated between 2003 and 2005. Data obtained from each patient were tabulated and analyzed as to gender, age, etiology, time elapsed after the injury, diagnosis (type of trauma), and affected teeth. RESULTS: The results revealed that male individuals aged 7 to 13 years presented the highest prevalence of injury, and falling was the main causal factor. In most cases, the time elapsed between the accident and the first care ranged from 4 to 24 h. A total of 1,747 teeth were affected, with higher incidence of concussion/subluxation and coronal fracture, followed by lateral luxation and avulsion. The permanent maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth. CONCLUSION: The frequency and causes of dentoalveolar trauma should be investigated for identification of risk groups, treatment demands and costs in order to allow for the establishment of effective preventive measures that can reduce the treatment duration and costs for both patients and oral health services.

Epidemiologic survey of traumatic dental injuries in children seen at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This epidemiologic survey aimed at assessing the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in children seen at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The records of a total of 111 children (aged 0 to 6 years) seen from 2004 to 2006 in the dental trauma clinic were surveyed, comprising a total of 201 traumatized primary teeth. Data pertaining to the child and to the trauma such as age, gender, etiology, teeth involved, type of traumatic injury, time elapsed between the trauma and seeking care, and the presence and kind of clinical and radiographic sequelae in the first visit were collected from the dental records. All variables studied were assessed by means of frequency analysis and the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). A higher prevalence of trauma was observed in boys (56.7 percent) and in the age group from 0-3 years (73.8 percent). The most affected teeth were the central incisors (84.7 percent) and the most common trauma etiology was a fall from the child's own height (63.0 percent). The supporting tissues were the most affected. Lateral luxation was the most frequent alteration observed (33.4 percent), followed by concussion (21.0 percent). Coronal discoloration (17.7 percent) and external resorption (18.3 percent) were, respectively, the most prevalent clinical and radiographic sequelae. Gender had no influence on the clinical (p = 0.54) and radiographic (p = 0.55) sequelae. Even though age had no influence on radiographic sequelae (p = 0.41), clinical sequelae were more prevalent in children aged 0 to 3 years (p = 0.03). In conclusion, traumatisms in primary teeth were more prevalent in boys, and in 0-3-year-old children. Luxation was the most frequent traumatic lesion, and coronal discoloration and external resorption were the most prevalent sequelae.

Fratura dentária em crianças no Rio Grande do Sul: análise dos dados do levantamento SB-Gaúcho 2002/2003 / Crown fractures in children in Rio Grande do Sul: data analysis of Survey SB-Gaúcho 2002/2003

Dental trauma is recognized as a public health problem due to the high frequency that occurs and the costs involved in treatment. Among the injuries, the crown fractures are one of the most frequent. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of crown fractures in children in the primary and permanent dentition in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Secondary data from the Survey SB-Gaucho 2002/2003, of the State Department of Health were used. Data of 11,904 children were included, obtained with the diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization. The prevalence of crown fracture at 18 to 36 months was 1.5%, at 5 years was 1.8% and at 12 years was 2.7%. It was found that dental trauma tended to increase with age, indicating that it would benefit from measures aimed at prevention of oral diseases. The index used possess limitations, which minimize dental trauma occurrence. Criteria including other types of dental trauma should be used by national surveys to obtain a more reliable estimate of its prevalence.

Os traumatismos dentários são reconhecidos como um problema de saúde pública devido à alta freqüência com que ocorrem e aos custos envolvidos no seu tratamento. Dentre os traumatismos, as fraturas dentárias são um dos tipos de maior ocorrência. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever a prevalência encontrada de fraturas dentárias em crianças na dentição decídua e permanente no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados dados secundários de 11.904 crianças, avaliadas com os critérios de diagnóstico da Organização Mundial da Saúde, no levantamento SB-Gaúcho 2002/2003, da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Observou-se que dos 18 aos 36 meses a prevalência de fratura dentária foi de 1,5%, aos 5 anos de 1,8% e aos 12 anos de 2,7%. Apesar da limitação do critério diagnóstico utilizado, o qual minimiza a ocorrência do agravo, evidenciou-se que traumatismo dentário apresenta tendência de aumento com idade, indicando que se beneficiaria de medidas destinadas à prevenção. É importante que sejam utilizados nos levantamentos nacionais critérios que inclúam outros tipos de traumatismos dentários, visando obter-se uma estimativa mais confiável de sua ocorrência.